| Person | Basque | English | |--------|--------|---------| | Ni | nindoan | I went | | Zu | zindoazen | you went | | Hura | zihoan | s/he went | | Gu | gindoazen | we went | | Zuek | zindoazten | you (pl) went | | Haiek | zihoazen | they went |
Euskera is a language isolate (not related to Indo-European, Uralic, or any other known family). Its verb system is polypersonal —the verb agrees not only with the subject but also with the direct object and indirect object. This makes Basque verbs more complex than those in Romance or Germanic languages, but highly systematic. 2. Main Verb Classes Basque verbs fall into two major categories: 2.1 Synthetic (or synthetic-conjugated) verbs Only about 15–20 verbs have a full synthetic conjugation (present and past tenses inflected for person and number). These are high-frequency verbs:
| Subject | Form | Meaning | |---------|------|---------| | Nik | dut | I have it | | Zuk | duzu | you have it | | Hark | du | s/he has it | | Guk | dugu | we have it | | Zuek | duzue | you (pl) have it | | Haiek | dute | they have it |
All other verbs (thousands) are : they use an auxiliary ( izan or edun / **). 2.2 Periphrastic verbs Formed by a non-finite form (participle, gerund, or future participle) + an auxiliary verb that carries tense, mood, and agreement.
Past tense (same verb):
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