Here’s the complete list of , depending on the context (browser, file manager, or system): 1. In Most Web Browsers (Safari, Chrome, Edge, Brave, etc.) | Action | Shortcut | |--------|----------| | Reload current page | Cmd + R | | Force reload (bypass cache) | Cmd + Shift + R | | Reload page from origin (Safari) | Cmd + Option + R | 2. In Finder (File Manager) | Action | Shortcut | |--------|----------| | Refresh current folder / view | Cmd + R | | Force refresh (clean icon cache) | Cmd + Option + Esc then relaunch Finder (or log out) | Note: Finder doesn’t have a built-in “force refresh” shortcut like Windows. If files don’t appear, try Cmd + R , close/reopen Finder, or relaunch it via Force Quit ( Cmd + Option + Esc ). 3. In Mail App | Action | Shortcut | |--------|----------| | Refresh / Get new mail | Cmd + Shift + N | 4. General System / App Reload | Action | Shortcut | |--------|----------| | Reload current app (if supported) | Cmd + R (varies by app) | | Force quit app (then reopen) | Cmd + Option + Esc | 5. Refresh Desktop / Clean Up | Action | Shortcut | |--------|----------| | Clean up selected files (align to grid) | Cmd + Option + 1 (in Finder) | | Refresh desktop icons | F5 — does not work on macOS by default. Use Cmd + R in Finder instead. | Summary Table | Context | Refresh Shortcut | |---------|------------------| | Browser (normal) | Cmd + R | | Browser (bypass cache) | Cmd + Shift + R | | Finder | Cmd + R | | Mail | Cmd + Shift + N | | Force reload app | Cmd + Option + Esc then reopen |