Make Up Water In Cooling Tower [best] May 2026

3. How to Calculate Make-Up Water Flow Step 1 – Evaporation (E) E (gpm) = Recirculation Rate (gpm) × Cooling Range (°F) × 0.001 Example: 1000 gpm system, 15°F range → E = 1000 × 15 × 0.001 = 15 gpm

1. What is Make-Up Water? Make-up water is fresh water added to a cooling tower system to compensate for total water losses. Without it, the system would run dry, lose efficiency, and suffer severe damage. 2. Why is Make-Up Water Needed? Water leaves a cooling tower system in three primary ways: make up water in cooling tower

Controlled by cycles of concentration (COC). B = E / (COC – 1) If COC = 5, then B = 15 / (5-1) = 3.75 gpm Make-up water is fresh water added to a

| Parameter | Ideal Range | Why it matters | |-----------|-------------|----------------| | | 50–400 ppm (as CaCO₃) | Scale formation at high pH/temp | | Total alkalinity | < 400 ppm (as CaCO₃) | Decomposes to CO₂, lowers pH | | pH | 6.5–8.5 | Corrosion <6.5, scaling >8.5 | | Chlorides | < 500 ppm | Pitting corrosion (especially stainless steel) | | Silica | < 150 ppm | Hard, glass-like scale | | TSS | < 50 ppm | Fouling, sediment | | Iron | < 0.5 ppm | Staining, fouling | | Bacteria | No legionella or E. coli | Health risk (Legionnaires' disease) | Why is Make-Up Water Needed