Bending strain: $\epsilon = \fracD2R_b = \frac25.42 \times 1200 = 0.01058$ (1.06%)

$$R_b,min \approx \fracE \cdot t\sigma_y$$

Unlike a segmented pipe, a continuous tube has no axial stress discontinuity at joints, so no stress concentration factor ($K_t \approx 1$) in the longitudinal direction. This significantly improves burst strength and fatigue life. When a continuous tube is bent to a radius $R_b$, the bending strain is:

Continuous — Tube [hot]

Bending strain: $\epsilon = \fracD2R_b = \frac25.42 \times 1200 = 0.01058$ (1.06%)

$$R_b,min \approx \fracE \cdot t\sigma_y$$ continuous tube

Unlike a segmented pipe, a continuous tube has no axial stress discontinuity at joints, so no stress concentration factor ($K_t \approx 1$) in the longitudinal direction. This significantly improves burst strength and fatigue life. When a continuous tube is bent to a radius $R_b$, the bending strain is: Bending strain: $\epsilon = \fracD2R_b = \frac25