: If dropper capacitor fails shorted, full mains voltage appears at output, destroying load and creating fire risk.
[ C = \frac12\pi f X_C = \frac12\pi \times 50 \times 4360 \approx 0.73 \mu F ] asaan converter
[ X_C = \fracV_in,RMS - V_zI_out = \frac230 - 120.05 \approx 4360 \Omega ] : If dropper capacitor fails shorted, full mains